The Mortgage Moment

The Federal Open Market Committee meets today for the last time in 2009. It’s a 2-day meeting and the Fed is expected to leave the Fed Funds Rate near 0.000 percent.

But that doesn’t mean mortgage rates won’t change.

See, a major misperception among the public is that the Federal Reserve sets mortgage rates. That’s false. Mortgage rates are based on the price of mortgage-backed bonds.

As an example, since 2000, the Fed Funds Rate and the 30-year fixed rate mortgage have been within 1 percent of each other at times, and as far apart as 5 percent at others.

If there was a direct relationship between the two, such a spread would be impossible.

The Federal Reserve doesn’t set mortgage rates. Wall Street does. However, whenever the Fed adjourns from its meetings, mortgage rates are susceptible to change.

For home buyers and rate shoppers, this week’s Fed meeting takes on added significance.

Over the last half-year, the Fed has used its post-meeting press releases to acknowledge an improving economy in which growth is tempered by job loss and tepid spending. In November, though, net job gains nearly went positive and Retail Sales data proved strong.

If the Fed gets more positive in its message tomorrow, mortgage rates will suffer. This is because Wall Street will use the Fed’s position on the economy as a reason to buy stocks. Some of the cash to fuel those buys will come from the mortgage bond market.

As extra bond supply hits Wall Street, mortgage rates go up.

Similarly, if the Fed’s message goes negative on the economy, investors are expected to sell their stock positions in favor of buying bonds. This makes rates go down.

So, the Federal Reserve doesn’t make mortgage rates, but it does exert an influence on them. In other words, rate shoppers would be wise to watch for the FOMC’s 2:15 PM adjournment. Even though the Fed Funds Rate is expected to remain unchanged, mortgage rates certainly are not.

Mortgage markets worsened for a second consecutive week last week amid debt default concerns and stronger-than-expected economic data. Dollars left the bond market and mortgage rates suffered.

After re-reaching an all-time low December 1, mortgage rates have since rolled back to mid-November levels.

Rates are still low right now. Just not as low.

And meanwhile, last week’s big story — the one that should concern mortgage applicants between now and early-2010 — is the story of Retail Sales.

Last week, a government report showed that American consumers are spending more this holiday season than was expected. The Retail Sales data implies that consumers are feeling more confident in themselves, and in the economy overall.

This is one of the last remaining pieces in the economic recovery puzzle. Job growth, of course, is another, and both will be in focus this week as the Federal Open Market Committee meets for its final 2-day meeting of the year.

The FOMC isn’t expected to raise the Fed Funds Rate from its current “target range” near 0.000%, but when the FOMC adjourns at 2:15 PM Wednesday, its press release will dominate the news.

Specifically, watch for verbiage on the expected economic growth for 2010 because no matter what the Fed says, mortgage rates will be in flux. As one example:

• If the Fed says inflation is under control, mortgage rates should fall
• If the Fed says inflation pressures are growing, mortgage rates should rise

There’s other news this week, too, including PPI and CPI — 2 popular inflation gauges, plus some housing data, too.

If you need to lock a rate this week, it may be safer to lock prior to the FOMC’s adjournment. Given the recent strength in Retail Sales and the reports of “crowded malls” this past weekend, the Fed may choose to revise its growth estimates for the economy — a move that would be awful for mortgage rates.

If you wonder what mortgage rates and home affordability will look like next year, today’s Retail Sales data may hold your answer.

Versus October, November’s ex-auto sales were up by more than 1 percent. Analysts expected the increase, but not an increase of this magnitude.

“Ex-auto” means that motor vehicles and parts are excluded from the data.

Home values are increasing in many parts of the country and household net worths are rising, too. Therefore, we can infer from the Retail Sales report that U.S. consumers are starting to feel better about their individual finances, and about the economy overall.

To homebuyers and rate shoppers, strong Retail Sales data may foreshadow higher rates for mortgages ahead. This is because sales data is a by-product of consumer spending and consumer spending accounts for more than two-thirds of the economy.

As spending increases, the economy tends to expand, drawing investment dollars into stock markets and away from bond markets — including mortgage-backed bonds, the basis for conforming mortgage rates.

Less bond demand leads to higher rates and, therefore, lower levels of home affordability.

Despite the Holiday Season momentum, however, 2009 will likely mark just the second time that Retail Sales data fell year-over-year since the government started tracking it 40 years ago. The other year was 2008.

But, if November’s Retail Sales is a reliable indicator of consumer sentiment overall, we should expect 2010 to rebound strongly. And when it does, mortgage rates should suffer.

The housing market is recovering, mortgage rates are still near all-time lows, and the government is offering an $8,000 tax credit to qualified buyers through April 30, 2010. If you plan to buy a home next spring, you may want to consider moving up your timeframe. Waiting may be costly.

Since peaking in July 2009, national foreclosure activity has dropped through 4 consecutive months.

On a month-to-month basis, November’s foreclosure activity fell another 8 percent.

However, national foreclosure activity continues to be dominated by a minority of states.

As reported by RealtyTrac.com, more than half of November’s foreclosure-related activity sourced from just 4 states:

1. California
2. Florida
3. Illinois
4. Michigan

These are the same 4 states that topped October’s foreclosure activity despite three of them posting month-to-month declines last month.

The remaining Top 10 states in terms of total foreclosure activity include Arizona, Texas, Ohio, Georgia, Nevada and New Jersey.

If you’ve been actively looking at REO lately, you’ve likely noticed that true bargains are harder to find. This is because buyers of all types — first-timers, move-ups, and investors — are purchasing bank-owned homes aggressively and getting better at identifying the “best ones”.

But just because supplies are dwindling doesn’t mean you should just jump in. Buying foreclosures isn’t for everyone for two very strong reasons:

1. Homes are often sold as-is and may have “issues”
2. The closing process can be unpredictable

Therefore, if you’re thinking of buying a foreclosed home, be sure to talk with your real estate agent about potential problems before going under contract. Better too soon than too late.

There are still good deals in the foreclosure market, but based on November’s data, they may not last through the winter. “Distressed home” sales now account for 30 percent of home resale activity.

Since peaking in July 2009, national foreclosure activity has dropped through 4 consecutive months.

On a month-to-month basis, November’s foreclosure activity fell another 8 percent.

However, national foreclosure activity continues to be dominated by a minority of states.

As reported by RealtyTrac.com, more than half of November’s foreclosure-related activity sourced from just 4 states:

1. California
2. Florida
3. Illinois
4. Michigan

These are the same 4 states that topped October’s foreclosure activity despite three of them posting month-to-month declines last month.

The remaining Top 10 states in terms of total foreclosure activity include Arizona, Texas, Ohio, Georgia, Nevada and New Jersey.

If you’ve been actively looking at REO lately, you’ve likely noticed that true bargains are harder to find. This is because buyers of all types — first-timers, move-ups, and investors — are purchasing bank-owned homes aggressively and getting better at identifying the “best ones”.

But just because supplies are dwindling doesn’t mean you should just jump in. Buying foreclosures isn’t for everyone for two very strong reasons:

1. Homes are often sold as-is and may have “issues”
2. The closing process can be unpredictable

Therefore, if you’re thinking of buying a foreclosed home, be sure to talk with your real estate agent about potential problem before going under contract. Better too soon than too late.

There are still good deals in the foreclosure market, but based on November’s data, they may not last through the winter. “Distressed home” sales now account for 30 percent of home resale activity.

The average family spends $2,200 per year in electric bills and the average home is responsible for twice the amount of greenhouse gases than the average automobile.

Whether you want to save money or save the environment, this 5-minute piece from the NBC Today Show is for you. In it, you’ll learn that just by being aware of your energy consumption, you can reduce it by up to 15 percent.

The piece centers on a device called a Power Monitor which retails from $30 to $100, depending on the model. It measures the actual cost of using an appliance, or using a light, or charging a laptop, or any other household energy use.

Among the cost findings:

• A plugged-in phone charger no phone attached costs $0.10 per hour
• Cooking with a microwave costs $0.88 per hour
• Big screen TVs cost $0.06 per hour to operate

Obviously, turning off lights when rooms aren’t in use saves money, too.

By making small changes — most of which aren’t inconvenient — the average family can drop its energy bill by hundreds of dollars each year.

For many American homeowners, interest paid on a mortgage is tax-deductible in the year in which it was paid.

Knowing that, eligible homeowners can increase their 2009 tax deductions just by making their January 2010 mortgage payment before the end of the year.

By paying in 2009, the mortgage interest paid can be applied against 2009′s itemized tax deductions even though the payment isn’t technically due until 2010.

It can reduce your tax burden come Thursday, April 15, 2010.

And lest you think you’re paying the mortgage “in advance”, remember that mortgage interest is paid in arrears; a payment due January 1 accounts for interest that accumulated in December 2009 anyway.

Tax planning is a complicated issue and not all homeowners qualify for mortgage interest tax deductions. Check with your tax professional before making tax planning decisions.

If you don’t have an accountant you trust, call or email me anytime; I’m happy to make a recommendation to you.

Mortgage markets finally reversed course last week, selling off with fury and causing prices to plummet.

When bonds prices fall, rates rise.

The action broke a multi-week winning streak, much to the disappointment of rate shoppers everywhere. Rate hikes came in stages.

First, early in the week, mortgage bonds fell out of favor as traders booked profits ahead of the November jobs report and as concerns over a Dubai Default waned.

Then, on Friday, when the jobs report was ultimately released, it showed a net loss of just 11,000 jobs in November and dip in the Unemployment Rate to 10.0 percent.

Mortgage markets got hit again.

Now, since bottoming last Monday, mortgage pricing is worse by more than 100 basis points. As that figure relates to rates, it’s a jump of anywhere from a quarter- to a half-percent.

Last week was a bad week to not be locked in. Unfortunately, this week may not be much better.

Without much data due for release, momentum should lead mortgage rates higher. Amid a few confidence surveys and a speech by Fed Chairman Bernanke, the biggest news on the week will be Friday’s Retail Sales report.

Retail Sales matters to mortgage rates because consumer spending accounts for two-thirds of the economy. And now, with jobs data looking stronger, Retail Sales are expected to show a modest increase versus last month.

If the data comes in better-than-expected, mortgage rates should rise — much like they did on the jobs data. On the other hand, if the data is weak, expect rates to retreat.

So far this season, Holiday Shopping has been mixed.

Mortgage rates tend to rise faster than they fall so if your homebuying or refinance needs are immediate, it may be prudent to lock your rate rather than to wait and see what happens with the economy and this week’s momentum.

Despite getting worse last week, mortgage rates are still very low.

This morning’s jobs report is causing mortgage rates to rise, capping a week during which rates have already jumped 3/8 percent off all-time lows.

The government’s November Non-Farm Payrolls report reinforced the notion that the recession is nearly over, if not over already.

Just 11,000 jobs were lost last month — much fewer than analysts had expected — as the Unemployment Rate fell to 10.0%.

If it seems strange to be talking economic recovery while Americans are still losing jobs — 7.2 million since 2008 — remember that data always needs context.

See, analysts view employment figures as a lagging indicator for the economy. This is because business owners tend to make hiring decisions based on how business has been — not on how it will be at some point in the future.

The jobs report rarely reflects the “right now”. As an example, job loss peaked in January 2009 — 4 months after the height of the financial crisis.

We saw the same pattern during the Recession of 2001.

According to government data, during the last recession, job loss peaked in October 2001 but the recession ended the very next month. It wasn’t until October 2002 that employment went net positive on a monthly basis.

And this is why investors are cheering November’s jobs report. Better-than-expected numbers and a falling Unemployment Rate show that the economy is improving.

Unfortunately for rate shoppers, better-than-expected data is pushing mortgage rates higher. Rates are expected to open 0.250% higher versus yesterday’s close.

‘Tis the season to do shopping — and get bombarded with offers to open credit cards.

The deals are tempting, too. “Open a charge card today” and save up to 20% on your purchase. Considering that the average Black Friday ticket was $343, that’s $68 saved per store.

For big-ticket items like televisions, the savings are even bigger.

But for people in the market for a new home — or looking to refinance — taking advantage of in-store savings could be a long-term money loser.

Every time you apply for a credit card, your credit score drops.

According to myFICO.com, “new credit” accounts for 85 out of 850 possible credit scoring points. New credit is defined by such traits as:

• Number of recently opened accounts
• Number of recent credit inquiries
• Time since credit inquiry(s)
• Proportion of accounts that are recently opened to all open accounts

Shoppers with few open credit cards are more likely to see their scores drop that shoppers with many cards.

Regardless, a credit score is worth protecting because of how mortgage rates are made. A conventional mortgage applicant with 20% equity whose FICO is 720-739 will be subject to a 0.125% loan fee that a comparable applicant at 740 would not have to pay.

• For 700-719, the cost increases to 0.750%
• For 680-699, the cost increases to 1.500%
• For 660-679, the cost increases to 2.500%

Having a low credit score can be expensive.

It is okay to take advantage of in-store savings during the holiday shopping season, but it’s also important to be aware of how your credit score may be affected.

If you’re not applying for a mortgage in the next six months, you’ll likely be alright. But, on the other hand, if you know you’ll need your FICO soon, consider whether saving 15 percent on a $343 ticket is worth the long-term cost of a higher mortgage rate.